Chapter 016

Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists

Robert B. Raffa, Michael H. Ossipov, and Frank Porreca

GENERAL REFERENCES

  1. Dickenson AH, Besson J-MR, editors: The Pharmacology of Pain, Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology (vol. 130). Berlin, 1997, Springer.
  2. Dostrovsky J, Carr DB, Koltzenburg M, editors: Proceedings of the 10th World Congress on Pain, Seattle, 2003, IASP Press.
  3. Gebhart GF, Proudfit HK: Descending modulation of pain processing. In Hunt S, Koltzenburg M, editors: The Neurobiology of Pain, Oxford, 2004, Oxford University Press.
  4. Kieffer BL: Molecular aspects of opioid receptors. In Dickenson AH, Besson J-MR, editors: The Pharmacology of Pain, Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol. 130. Berlin, 1997, Springer.
  5. Moore PA: JADA Continuing Education: pain management in dental practice: tramadol vs codeine combinations, J Am Dent Assoc 130: 1075–1079, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
  6. Raynor K, Kong H, Chen Y, et al.: Pharmacological characterization of the cloned kappa-, delta-, and mu-opioid receptors, Mol Pharmacol 45:330–334, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
  7. Reisine T: Opiate receptors, Neuropharmacology 34:463–472, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
  8. Stein C, Cabot PJ, Schafer M: Peripheral opioid analgesia: mechanisms and clinical implications. In Stein C, editor: Opioids in Pain Control, Cambridge, 1999, Cambridge University Press.
  9. Stein C, editor: Opioids in Pain Control, Cambridge, 1999, Cambridge University Press.
  10. Taylor DA, Fleming WA: Unifying perspectives of the mechanisms underlying the development of tolerance and physical dependence to opioids, J Pharmacol Exp Ther 297:11–18, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
  11. Williams JT, Christie MJ, Manzoni O: Cellular and synaptic adaptations mediating opioid dependence, Physiol Rev 81:299–343, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
  12. Wynn RL: Non-traditional analgesics for dental pain, Gen Dent 56: 122–124, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  13. Zakrezewska JM, Harrison SD, editors: Assessment and Management of Orofacial Pain, Pain Research and Clinical Management (vol. 14). Amsterdam, 2002, Elsevier.