Chapter 034

Pituitary, Thyroid, and Parathyroid Pharmacology

Gail T. Galasko

CITED REFERENCES

  1. Bailes BK: Hypothyroidism in elderly patients. AORN J 69:1026-1030, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
  2. Bonar BD, McColgan B, Smith DF, et al: Hypothyroidism and aging: the Rosses’ survey. Thyroid 10:821-827, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  3. Bunevicius R, Kazanavicius G, Zalinkevicius R, et al: Effects of thyroxine as compared with thyroxine plus triiodothyronine in patients with hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med 340:424-429, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
  4. Capet C, Jego A, Denis P, et al: Is cognitive change related to hypothyroidism reversible with replacement therapy? Rev Med Intern 21:672-678, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  5. Clayton PE, Cowell CT: Safety issues in children and adolescents during growth hormone therapy—a review. Growth Horm IGF Res 10:306-317, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  6. De Palo EF, Gatti R, Lancerin F, et al: Correlations of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I): effects of exercise and abuse by athletes. Clin Chim Acta 305:1-17, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
  7. Gardiner EM, Baldock PA, Thomas GP, et al: Increased formation and decreased resorption of bone in mice with elevated vitamin D receptor in mature cells of the osteoblastic lineage. FASEB J 14:1908-1916, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  8. Gotzsche LB: l-Triiodothyronine acutely increases Ca2+ uptake in the isolated, perfused rat heart: changes in L-type Ca2+ channels and β-receptors during short- and long-term hyper- and hypothyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol 130:171-179, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
  9. Harris ST, Watts NB, Genant HK, et al: Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. Vertebral Efficacy with Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group. JAMA 282:1344-1352, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
  10. Kahaly GJ: Cardiovascular and atherogenic aspects of subclinical hypothyroidism. Thyroid 10:665-679, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  11. Lourwood DL: The pharmacology and therapeutic utility of bisphosphonates. Pharmacotherapy 18:779-789, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
  12. Macdonald K, Macdonald TM: The peptide that binds: a systemic review of oxytocin and its presocial effects in human. Harv Rev Psychiatry 18(1):1-21, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
  13. Morley P, Whitfield JF, Willick GE: Parathyroid hormone: an anabolic treatment for osteoporosis. Curr Pharm Des 7:671-687, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
  14. Palumbo CF, Szabo RM, Olmsted SL: The effects of hypothyroidism and thyroid replacement on the development of carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg [Am] 25:734-739, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  15. Samuels MH: Subclinical thyroid disease in the elderly. Thyroid 8:803-813, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
  16. Schauster AC, Geletko SM, Mikolich DJ: Diabetes mellitus associated with recombinant human growth hormone for HIV wasting syndrome. Pharmacotherapy 20:1129-1134, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  17. Seppet EK, Kaasik A, Minajeva A, et al: Mechanisms of thyroid hormone control over sensitivity and maximal contractile responsiveness to β-adrenergic agonists in atria. Mol Cell Biochem 184:419-426, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
  18. Reszka AA, Rodan GA: Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate mechanism of action. Mini Rev Med Chem 4:711-719, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
  19. Theriault RL, Hortobagyi GN: The evolving role of bisphosphonates. Semin Oncol 28:284-290, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
  20. van Leeuwen JP, van den Bemd GJ, van Driel M, et al: 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and bone metabolism. Steroids 66:375-380, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
  21. Watts NB: Treatment of osteoporosis with bisphosphonates. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 27:197-214, 2001. PUBMED Abstract

GENERAL REFERENCES

  1. Bikle DD: What is new in vitamin D: 2006-2007, Curr Opin Rheumatol 19:383-388, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
  2. Bilezikian JP, Meng X, Shi Y, et al: Primary hyperparathyroidism in women: a tale of two cities—New York and Beijing, Int J Fertil Womens Med 45:158-165, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  3. Bindels AJ, Westendorp RG, Frolich, M, et al: The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism at different total plasma cholesterol levels in middle aged men and women: a need for case-finding? Clin Endocrinol 50:217-220, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
  4. Bjoro T, Holmen J, Kruger O, et al: Prevalence of thyroid disease, thyroid dysfunction and thyroid peroxidase antibodies in a large, unselected population. The Health Study of Nord-Trondelag, Eur J Endocrinol 143:639-647, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  5. Brownlie BE, Rae AM, Walshe JW, et al: Psychoses associated with thyrotoxicosis—“thyrotoxic psychosis.” A report of 18 cases, with statistical analysis of incidence, Eur J Endocrinol 142:438-444, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  6. Carter-Su C, King AP, Argetsinger LS, et al: Signaling pathway of GH, Endocr J 43(Suppl):S65-S70, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
  7. Christakos S, Dhawan P, Shen Q, et al: New insights into the mechanisms involved in the pleiotropic actions of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3, Ann N Y Acad Sci 1068:194-203, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
  8. Cohen MM: Merging the old skeletal biology with the new, II: molecular aspects of bone formation and bone growth, J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 20:94-106, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  9. Duggal J, Singh S, Barsano CP, et al: Cardiovascular risk with subclinical hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism: pathophysiology ad management, J Cardiometab Syndr 2:198-206, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
  10. Franklyn JA: Thyroid disease and its treatment: short- and long-term consequences, J R Coll Physicians Lond 33:564-567, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
  11. Hellgren G, Albertsson-Wikland K, Billig H, et al: Growth hormone receptor interaction with Jak proteins differs between tissues, J Interferon Cytokine Res 21:75-83, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
  12. Hunter I, Greene SA, MacDonald TM, et al: Prevalence and aetiology of hypothyroidism in the young, Arch Dis Child 83:207-210, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  13. Kroll MH: Parathyroid hormone temporal effects on bone formation and resorption, Bull Math Biol 62:163-188, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  14. Lal SO, Wolf SE, Herndon DN: Growth hormone, burns and tissue healing, Growth Horm IGF Res 10(Suppl B):S39-S43, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  15. Marx RE, Sawatari Y, Fortin M, et al: Bisphosphonate-induced exposed bone (osteonecrosis/osteopetrosis) of the jaws: risk factors, recognition, prevention and treatment, J Oral Maxillofac Surg 63:1567-1575, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
  16. McCarthy TL, Ji C, Centrella M: Links among growth factors, hormones, and nuclear factors with essential roles in bone formation, Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 11:409-422, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  17. Murray RD, Shalet SM: Growth hormone: current and future therapeutic applications, Expert Opin Pharmacother 1:975-990, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  18. Rack SK, Makela EH: Hypothyroidism and depression: a therapeutic challenge, Ann Pharmacother 34:1142-1145, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  19. Rosen CJ: Growth hormone and aging, Endocrine 12:197-201, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  20. Skripitz R, Andreassen TT, Aspenberg P: Strong effect of PTH (1-34) on regenerating bone: a time sequence study in rats, Acta Orthop Scand 71:619-624, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  21. Vallejo-Bolanos E, Espana-Lopez AJ, Munoz-Hoys A, et al: The relationship between bone age, chronological age and dental age in children with isolated growth hormone deficiency, Int J Paediatr Dent 9:201-206, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
  22. Weigel RJ: Nonoperative management of hyperparathyroidism: present and future, Curr Opin Oncol 13:33-38, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
  23. Wimalawansa SJ: Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: efficacy of combination of hormone replacement therapy with other antiresorptive agents, J Clin Densitom 3:187-201, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  24. Yonemura K, Suzuki H, Fujigaki Y, et al: New insights on the pathogenesis of hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism, Am J Med Sci 320:334-336, 2000. PUBMED Abstract